Periodontal disease cannot be fully reversed once it has progressed beyond gingivitis, but with early intervention and proper treatment, its effects can be managed and further deterioration prevented. The key to halting the progression of the disease lies in maintaining excellent oral hygiene, seeking professional dental care and addressing underlying health issues that may contribute to gum disease.
Periodontal disease is highly prevalent, particularly among adults. Studies indicate that approximately 45% of adults in the UK have some form of gum disease, with around 10% suffering from severe periodontitis. This makes it one of the most common dental conditions affecting adults worldwide.
What Causes Periodontal Disease?
Periodontal disease is caused by the accumulation of plaque and bacteria along the gumline, which triggers an inflammatory response. Over time, this inflammation damages the gums and the bone supporting the teeth, leading to gum recession and potential tooth loss. Poor oral hygiene, smoking, genetic predisposition and systemic conditions such as diabetes can all contribute to the onset and progression of periodontal disease.
Other risk factors include hormonal changes, stress and certain medications that reduce saliva production, leading to dry mouth. A lack of saliva allows bacteria to thrive, exacerbating the risk of gum infections. Additionally, poor nutrition can weaken the body’s ability to fight infections, making individuals more susceptible to periodontal disease.
Research also suggests that older adults are at a higher risk of developing periodontal disease due to factors such as reduced immune function, medications that cause dry mouth and a lifetime of accumulated plaque exposure. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are crucial in minimising this risk.
Visit The Perio Centre for regular dental check-ups and oral hygiene care to minimise the risk of periodontal disease.
Can Gingivitis Turn into Periodontal Disease?
Yes, untreated gingivitis can develop into periodontal disease if plaque buildup is not properly managed. Gingivitis, the earliest stage of gum disease, is characterised by swollen, red gums that may bleed during brushing or flossing. Fortunately, gingivitis is reversible with good oral hygiene and regular hygiene appointments.
If left untreated, gingivitis can progress into periodontitis, where the infection spreads deeper into the gum tissue and bone. At this stage, the damage becomes permanent, requiring intensive treatment such as deep cleaning, antibiotic therapy or even surgical intervention.
Can You Reverse Periodontal Disease?
While advanced periodontal disease cannot be completely cured, it can be managed with appropriate treatment. Periodontal treatments such as scaling and root planing, antimicrobial therapies, and, in severe cases, surgical procedures can help control the infection and reduce symptoms. Consistent oral hygiene practices and professional maintenance visits are essential to prevent recurrence.
In some cases, regenerative procedures such as bone grafts and tissue grafts can help restore lost structures caused by severe periodontitis. These treatments aim to promote new tissue growth and stabilise the affected teeth.
What Are the Symptoms of Periodontal Disease?
Symptoms of periodontal disease vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common signs include red, swollen and bleeding gums, persistent bad breath, receding gums and loose or shifting teeth. Some individuals may experience pain when chewing, while others may notice increased tooth sensitivity due to exposed roots.
As periodontal disease advances, it can lead to pus formation between the teeth and gums, indicating a more severe infection. If left untreated, the condition can result in tooth loss and may contribute to other systemic health issues.
Can Periodontal Disease Lead to Other Health Problems?
Yes, research has linked periodontal disease to an increased risk of systemic health conditions such as heart disease, diabetes and respiratory infections. Studies indicate that individuals with severe periodontitis are up to three times more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases.
Additionally, gum inflammation has been associated with higher blood sugar levels, making it more challenging for individuals with diabetes to manage their condition. Treating periodontal disease may help improve overall health and reduce the risk of associated complications.
How Is Periodontal Disease Treated?
The treatment for periodontal disease depends on its severity. Mild cases may be managed with improved oral hygiene, while moderate to severe cases often require deep cleaning procedures such as scaling and root planing. This non-surgical treatment removes plaque and tartar buildup from below the gumline, reducing inflammation and halting disease progression.
In advanced cases, surgical treatments such as gum grafts, pocket reduction surgery or guided tissue regeneration may be necessary to restore lost gum and bone structures. Dentists may also prescribe antibiotics or antimicrobial rinses to help control bacterial infections.
The Perio Centre’s registered Specialist Periodontist, Dr Simon Stern, will have you smiling in no time!
Can Good Oral Hygiene Prevent Periodontal Disease?
Yes, maintaining a strong oral hygiene routine is essential in preventing periodontal disease. Brushing twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, flossing daily and using an antibacterial mouthwash can help reduce plaque buildup and prevent gum infections. Regular hygiene appointments are also crucial in removing hardened tartar that cannot be eliminated by brushing alone.
Lifestyle factors such as a balanced diet, stress management and avoiding smoking can further support gum health. Staying hydrated is also important, as saliva plays a key role in neutralising harmful bacteria in the mouth.
The Bottom Line
Periodontal disease cannot be reversed once it has caused permanent damage, but with prompt treatment and ongoing maintenance, its effects can be controlled. Early detection, professional dental care and a commitment to good oral hygiene are vital in preventing further progression and maintaining overall oral health.
Dr Simon Stern is a registered Specialist Periodontist at The Perio Centre. His qualifications include BDS MJDF RCS (Eng) MClinDent MPerio RCS (Ed). He lectures at both national and international conferences, and has published papers in several well-respected journals.
