The key difference between an orthodontist and a periodontist lies in what they treat. Orthodontists focus on aligning teeth and correcting jaw position, while periodontists specialise in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of gum disease and supporting structures of the teeth.
Although both are dental specialists, their areas of expertise are entirely different. If you have ever wondered whether you need to see an orthodontist or a periodontist, knowing the distinction can help you make the right choice for your oral health.
The General Dental Council reported that around 3% of registered dental professionals in the UK are orthodontists, and even fewer are registered as periodontists, making both highly trained and relatively niche professions within dentistry.
What Does An Orthodontist Do?
Orthodontists deal with the alignment of the teeth and jaws. Their primary role is to correct issues such as crooked teeth, overbites, underbites, overcrowding and gaps between teeth.
Most people are familiar with orthodontists in the context of braces or clear aligners like Invisalign. These treatments gradually move teeth into more functional and aesthetically pleasing positions. Orthodontic care is not just cosmetic as properly aligned teeth are easier to clean and maintain, and correct bite alignment can reduce strain on the jaw and facial muscles.
Orthodontists usually start their work with children or teenagers, but more adults are now seeking orthodontic treatment later in life thanks to discreet options like clear aligners.
Orthodontists deal with the alignment of the teeth and jaws.
What Does A Periodontist Do?
A periodontist is concerned with the health of the gums and the structures that support the teeth, such as the bone and connective tissue. They treat conditions like gingivitis (early gum disease) and periodontitis (advanced gum disease), as well as perform more complex procedures such as gum grafts and dental implant placement.
Gum disease can lead to tooth loss if left untreated, so the work of a periodontist is critical in maintaining long term oral health. They are also involved in preventing the progression of gum issues in patients who are at higher risk, such as those with diabetes or smokers.
Periodontists often work alongside general dentists to manage patients with chronic gum problems or advanced cases requiring surgical intervention.
What Qualifications Do They Have?
Both orthodontists and periodontists begin their careers as general dentists, completing a dental degree that typically takes five years in the UK. After that, they undergo an additional three years (or more) of specialised postgraduate training in their chosen field.
To be recognised as a specialist in either area, dentists must be registered on the General Dental Council’s specialist list. This ensures that they have met the rigorous standards required for advanced practice.
In short, while both start out on the same path, they diverge through years of targeted training and clinical experience in very specific areas of dentistry.
When Should You See An Orthodontist?
You might be referred to an orthodontist if:
- Your teeth are misaligned or crooked.
- You have a noticeable overbite, underbite or crossbite.
- You are experiencing discomfort due to your bite.
- You are interested in cosmetic teeth straightening.
Orthodontists can assess your bite, take X-rays and develop a tailored plan for realignment. Many orthodontic treatments take 12 to 24 months to complete, although some cases can be shorter or longer depending on complexity.
When Should You See A Periodontist?
You should consider seeing a periodontist if:
- Your gums are swollen, bleeding or receding.
- You have been diagnosed with periodontitis.
- You are at risk of tooth loss due to gum disease.
- You are considering a dental implant.
- You want a second opinion on ongoing gum issues.
Early treatment by a periodontist can make a significant difference in preserving your natural teeth and preventing the need for more extensive procedures later on.
Periodontists provide dedicated support with gum issues.
What Is The Difference Between A Periodontist And Orthodontist?
To summarise, an orthodontist focuses on straightening teeth and aligning jaws, while a periodontist treats the gums and supporting structures around the teeth.
Orthodontists deal with how your teeth are positioned. Periodontists deal with how your teeth are held in place. One makes sure everything is in the right spot and the other ensures everything stays healthy and secure.
These roles do not overlap, but they may work together, particularly in more complex dental cases that involve both alignment and gum health.
Is It Possible To Need Both A Periodontist And Orthodontist?
Yes, some patients require orthodontic treatment to straighten teeth after they have stabilised gum disease with the help of a periodontist. Others may need gum reshaping for cosmetic or practical reasons before starting orthodontic work.
Gum recession is also a common risk of orthodontic treatment and you may need to see a periodontist at The Perio Centre to stop the gum recession worsening before or after orthodontic treatment.
In interdisciplinary cases, a general dentist will often coordinate your care between the two specialists to ensure your treatment is seamless and effective.
Final Thoughts
Orthodontists and periodontists play very different but equally important roles in keeping your mouth healthy. If your concern is the position of your teeth or bite, an orthodontist is the right choice. If you are dealing with gum disease, receding gums or need a dental implant, a periodontist is the expert you need.
By understanding the difference between the two, you can take a more informed approach to your dental care and ensure you are getting the right help from the correct professional.
Dr Simon Stern is a registered Specialist Periodontist at The Perio Centre. His qualifications include BDS MJDF RCS (Eng) MClinDent MPerio RCS (Ed). He lectures at both national and international conferences, and has published papers in several well-respected journals.
