Yes, periodontal disease is a serious oral health condition that can lead to tooth loss, bone damage and has even been linked to systemic health issues such as heart disease and diabetes. Often underestimated, it progresses silently and affects nearly half of UK adults over the age of 30, according to Public Health England.
Unlike minor gum problems, periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that can have long term consequences if left untreated. Early intervention is key, but awareness and understanding of the condition remain surprisingly low.
What Exactly Is Periodontal Disease?
Periodontal disease, often referred to as gum disease, is a progressive infection of the tissues that support and surround the teeth. It begins with inflammation of the gums (gingivitis) and, if untreated, can progress to periodontitis where the infection reaches deeper structures, including the bone.
While gingivitis may cause redness, swelling or bleeding when brushing, periodontitis can lead to gum recession, loose teeth and eventual tooth loss. In its advanced form, it compromises the stability of the entire dental structure.
What Are The Causes Of Periodontal Disease?
The most common cause of periodontal disease is the build-up of plaque, a sticky bacterial film that forms on the teeth. If not removed through daily brushing and flossing, it hardens into tartar, which only professional cleaning can eliminate.
Other contributing factors include smoking, poorly controlled diabetes, a weakened immune system and genetic predisposition. Hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy, can also increase vulnerability to gum problems.
How Common Is Periodontal Disease?
Gum disease is surprisingly widespread. According to the British Society of Periodontology, over 50% of adults in the UK have some form of periodontal disease. While it is more common in older adults, younger individuals are not immune, especially if oral hygiene is poor or risk factors are present.
Despite its prevalence, many people remain unaware they even have it, as early signs can be painless or subtle. This delay in diagnosis is what often makes the condition so serious.
What Are Periodontal Disease Symptoms?
While early symptoms may be mild, the signs of periodontal disease can include:
- Bleeding gums when brushing or flossing
- Persistent bad breath (halitosis)
- Gum recession
- Loose or shifting teeth
- Sensitivity due to exposed tooth roots
Advanced periodontal disease may also cause pus between the teeth and gums, pain while chewing or noticeable gaps between teeth.
Periodontal disease symptoms include bad breath, gum recession and bleeding gums when brushing or flossing.
Is Periodontal Disease Linked To Other Health Issues?
Yes, numerous studies have shown that untreated periodontitis is associated with systemic diseases such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, respiratory illnesses and even adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Inflammation plays a central role in this connection. The chronic inflammation present in periodontal disease may contribute to increased inflammation elsewhere in the body, affecting general health. In fact, research has shown that patients with periodontitis are nearly twice as likely to suffer from cardiovascular problems.
Can Periodontal Disease Be Treated?
Fortunately, yes. In its early stages (gingivitis), gum disease is often reversible with improved oral hygiene and professional cleaning. However, once it progresses to periodontitis, treatment becomes more complex and may require intervention from a periodontal specialist.
Treatment options can include:
- Scaling and root planing (deep cleaning)
- Antibacterial treatments
- Surgery to reduce gum pockets
- Bone or tissue grafts in severe cases
The goal is always to control the infection, stabilise the teeth and prevent further loss of bone or gum tissue.
How Can You Prevent It?
Prevention is both simple and effective. Daily brushing and flossing, regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are key to keeping periodontal disease at bay. Avoiding tobacco, controlling diabetes and eating a balanced diet also plays a role in reducing your risk.
Most dental professionals recommend seeing a hygienist every six months, but patients with a history of gum problems may need more frequent appointments to monitor their condition.
Why Does Early Detection Matter?
The sooner periodontal disease is identified, the easier it is to treat and manage. Waiting until symptoms become severe may mean more invasive procedures and the possibility of permanent damage.
If you notice changes in your gums, do not ignore them. Bleeding while brushing is not normal and should always be investigated as it is the body’s way of signalling inflammation and infection.
Where Can I Get Specialist Support?
For advanced or persistent gum issues, consulting a periodontal specialist is the most effective way to receive expert care. At The Perio Centre, patients receive tailored treatment plans based on individual needs, using the latest diagnostic and surgical technologies to achieve long term oral health and comfort.
Whether you are noticing symptoms or simply want to be proactive, seeking specialist advice from periodontists ensures your gum health is managed properly and thoroughly.
Seeking specialist advice from The Perio Centre ensures your gum health is managed properly and thoroughly.
Final Thoughts
Periodontal disease is not just a dental issue, it is a serious health condition that can impact your entire body. Although it develops gradually, its consequences can be permanent and far-reaching if left untreated.
Fortunately, with the right care and early intervention, it is entirely manageable. If you are concerned about your gum health or simply have not had a check-up in a while, now is the time to act!
Dr Simon Stern is a registered Specialist Periodontist at The Perio Centre. His qualifications include BDS MJDF RCS (Eng) MClinDent MPerio RCS (Ed). He lectures at both national and international conferences, and has published papers in several well-respected journals.
